Observation of orientation and relaxation of protein‐sodium dodecyl sulfate complexes during pulsed intermittent field polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

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Abstract
Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) of proteins denatured with SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) has been used successfully to separate proteins according to their molecular mass. In spite of the extensive use of this technique, the motion of the protein-SDS complex in a polyacrylamide gel is still not understood. Here we report on the observation of the orientation (in the field direction) and relaxation of protein-SDS complexes during pulsed intermittent field PAGE experiments. The results give an indication of the stiffness of the molecules and may be useful for the development of a technique to improve the separation of large proteins using pulsed electric fields.