Characterization of a highly conserved sequence related to mutator transposable elements in maize.

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Abstract
Mutator stocks of maize exhibit a high mutation rate correlated with the activity of a family of transposable elements. Mu1 and, to a lesser extent, the closely related Mu1.7 elements are responsible for most mutator-induced mutations that have been characterized. These elements are found in 10-60 copies in mutator stocks, and zero to a few intact elements exist in nonmutator maize stocks. Additionally, the component parts of Mu elements exist separately in the maize genome. The Mu terminal inverted repeats are found in multiple copies in all maize lines and related Zea species tested, and Mu internal sequences exist unassociated with Mu termini. In the present paper, we describe the structure and genomic distribution of one Mu-homologous sequence termed MRS-A (for Mu-related sequence). DNA sequencing shows that MRS-A is closely related to the internal region of Mu1 and Mu1.7 elements. However, it has no Mu termini and does not have the structure of a transposable element. This sequence is present in one or two copies in all maize lines and is highly conserved in the genus Zea. A similar sequence exists in a species within the genus most closely related to Zea, Tripsacum dactyloides, although the T. dactyloides genome does not contain any Mu termini or intact Mu elements. Furthermore, an RNA transcript homologous to MRS-A and its flanking DNA is found in both mutator and nonmutator maize plants. These results suggest that MRS-A represents a stable, functional region of the maize genome, and we speculate that a similar sequence was encompassed by Mu termini to generate a Mu transposable element.