Differential Conditioning of Environmental Cues With Amygdala Kindling

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Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that the pairing of environmental cues with kindling stimulation can affect the rate at which seizures develop. In the present study the effect of differential conditioning was evaluated. Rats were kindled in either a black box or a highly illuminated white box. Half of the subjects in each of these groups (discrimination groups) was placed in the opposite box on separate days without receiving kindling stimulation. The remaining subjects (control groups) were placed only in the box in which they received stimulation. Subjects kindled in the white box developed stage 5 (clonic) seizures significantly faster than those kindled in the black box. Those subjects that received discrimination training with the white box positive kindled faster than all other groups. However, after reaching stage 5, both discrimination groups, regardless of which box was positive, had significantly shorter afterdischarge (AD) durations during threshold testing as compared with the control groups. Seizure thresholds did not differ for the different groups. No evidence for conditioned seizure was found. The results were discussed in terms of the potential facilitory and inhibitory effects of environmental cues on seizures.