A Transgenic Mouse Model with Inducible Tyrosinase Gene Expression Using the Tetracycline (Tet-on) System Allows Regulated Rescue of Abnormal Chiasmatic Projections Found in Albinism

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Abstract
8 pages, 4 figures.-- PMID: 15250938 [PubMed].-- Printed version published on Aug 2004.-- Erratum in: Pigment Cell Res. 18(3): 224 (2005)Congenital defects in retinal pigmentation, as in oculocutaneous albinism Type I (OCA1), where tyrosinase is defective, result in visual abnormalities affecting the retina and pathways into the brain. Transgenic animals expressing a functional tyrosinase gene on an albino genetic background display a correction of all these abnormalities, implicating a functional role for tyrosinase in normal retinal development. To address the function of tyrosinase in the development of the mammalian visual system, we have generated a transgenic mouse model with inducible expression of the tyrosinase gene using the tetracycline (TET-ON) system. We have produced two types of transgenic mice: first, mice expressing the transactivator rtTA chimeric protein under the control of mouse tyrosinase promoter and its locus control region (LCR), and; second, transgenic mice expressing a mouse tyrosinase cDNA construct driven by a minimal promoter inducible by rtTA in the presence of doxycycline. Inducible experiments have been carried out with selected double transgenic mouse lines. Tyrosinase expression has been induced from early embryo development and its impact assessed with histological and biochemical methods in heterozygous and homozygous double transgenic individuals. We have found an increase of tyrosinase activity in the eyes of induced animals, compared with littermate controls. However, there was significant variability in the activation of this gene, as reported in analogous experiments. In spite of this, we could observe corrected uncrossed chiasmatic pathways, decreased in albinism, in animals induced from their first gestational week. These mice could be instrumental in revealing the role of tyrosinase in mammalian visual development.This work was supported by funds from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology Bio97-0628, Bio2000-1653 and Laboratorios Dr Esteve S.A. to LM, and from The Wellcome Trust and The British Council to GJ.Peer reviewe