Post-deposition structures in the Bushveld Complex mafic sequence

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Abstract
The stratigraphy of the Bushveld Complex is characterized by laterally continuous horizontal layering. At the interface of some of these layers there are phenomena analogous to flame, load-cast, ball-and-pillow and liquid escape structures of sedimentary rocks. Three plastic deformation styles recognized in the Complex are ( i ) vertical, ( ii ) vertical followed by horizontal, and ( iii ) vertical fluid movement with brittle failure. These post-deposition structures are used to estimate viscosity and density of adjacent layers during consolidation. The distribution of the structures through the mafic sequence provides some information on magma movement and rates of crystal accumulation.