Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and E‐Cadherin in Human Ovarian Cancer: Association with Ascites Fluid Accumulation and Peritoneal Dissemination in Mouse Ascites Model

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Abstract
Ascites formation and peritoneal dissemination are critical problems in patients with advanced ovarian cancer. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), also known as angiogenic growth factor, is a potent mediator of peritoneal fluid accumulation and angiogenesis of tumors. E‐Cadherin is an adhesion molecule that is important for cell‐to‐cell interaction. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of ascites formation and peritoneal dissemination of ovarian cancer, we examined the expression of VEGF and E‐cadherin in different ovarian cancer cell lines and utilized nude mice to compare the biological characteristics of ovarian cancer cells. Three human ovarian cancer cell lines (AMOC‐2, HNOA and HTBOA) were used in this study. Expression of genes was analyzed by northern blotting and RT‐PCR methods. AMOC‐2 expressed E‐cadherin, but not VEGF. HNOA expressed VEGF without E‐cadherin expression. HTBOA expressed both VEGF and E‐cadherin. Each human ovarian cancer model revealed a specific feature. The AMOC‐2 mouse had a single large peritoneal tumor without ascites or remarkable peritoneal dissemination. HTBOA and HNOA mice had bloody ascites and marked peritoneal dissemination. Introduction of VEGF antisense into HTBOA cells could inhibit the ascites formation. It is suggested that VEGF is important for the ascites formation via the increased vascular permeability effect. The deregulation of E‐cadherin expression might be involved in the peritoneal dissemination. These molecules are important for the formation of specific features of advanced ovarian cancer. Ovarian cancer cell lines that had different gene expression patterns produced nude mouse human ovarian cancer models with different characteristics.