Structural and redox relationships between Paracoccus denitrificans, porcine and human electron‐transferring flavoproteins

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Abstract
Electron-transferring flavoprotein (ETF) was purified from the bacterium Paracoccus denitrificans and the structural and redox relationships to the porcine and human ETFs were investigated. The three proteins have essentially identical subunit masses and the alpha-helix content of the bacterial and porcine ETFs are very similar, indicating global structural similarity. An anti-(porcine ETF) polyclonal antibody that crossreacts with the human large and small subunits also crossreacts strongly with the large subunit of Paracoccus ETF. However, crossreactivity with the small subunit is very weak. Nonetheless, an amino-terminal peptide and four internal peptides of the small bacterial subunit show extensive sequence identity with the human small subunit. Local similarities in environment are also indicated by the intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence emission spectra of porcine and Paracoccus ETFs. Although the visible spectra of porcine and Paracoccus ETFs are virtually identical, flavin fluorescence in the bacterial protein is only 15% that of the mammalian protein. Further, the circular dichroic spectrum of the flavin in the bacterial protein is significantly more intense, suggesting that the microenvironment of the isoalloxazine ring is different in the two proteins. Enzymatic or photochemical reduction of Paracoccus ETF rapidly yields an anionic semiquinone; formation of the fully reduced flavin in the bacterial ETF is very slow. The spacing of the oxidation-reduction potentials of the flavin couples in the bacterial ETF is essentially identical to that in procine ETF as judged from the disproportionation equilibrium of the bacterial ETF flavin semiquinone. Together, the enzymatic reduction and disproportionation equilibria suggest that the flavin potentials of the two ETFs must be very close. The data indicate that the structural properties of the bacterial and mammalian proteins and the thermodynamic properties of the flavin prosthetic group of the proteins are very similar.