Competition of Velvetleaf, Prickly Sida, and Venice Mallow in Soybeans

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Abstract
Weed competition in soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Clark 63′] with planted stands of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medic.), prickly sida (Sida spinosa L.), and Venice mallow (Hibiscus trionum L.) is reported. Weeds were planted 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 days after soybeans and competed until soybeans matured. Soybean seed yields were reduced 720, 250, and 230 kg/ha by velvetleaf, Venice mallow, and prickly sida, respectively. Weeds that emerged with soybeans reduced yields 1,010 kg/ha. Weeds planted 10 days later reduced yields 480 kg/ha, but weeds planted 20 to 40 days after soybeans did not significantly reduced yield. Soybean yields were reduced regardless of weed placement in or between soybean rows. Weed competition reduced numbers of soybean pods per plant more than other soybean-yield components.