Measurements of plasma flow at the dawn magnetopause by Voyager 1

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Abstract
Measurements are presented showing strong tailward flow of ions along the dawn magnetopause as the Voyager 1 spacecraft crossed the earth's magnetosphere boundary following launch on September 5, 1977. With one exception all of the observed flows occur outside the magnetopause. The particle flux measurements at E ≳30 keV, together with the observed magnetic field signatures of the boundary crossing, are consistent with a minimum tailward ion energy flow of ∼(2–7) × 1017 ergs/s at the time of observation. High‐time resolution particle data indicate that the ion flow can vary on a time scale of ∼400 ms. These results, together with recent results from several other spacecraft, show conclusively that a source of energetic particles exists sunward of the dawn‐dusk meridian.

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