Effect of auranofin, a new antiarthritic agent, on immune complex-induced release of lysosomal enzymes from human leukocytes

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Abstract
Auranofin, an oral chrysotherapeutic agent effective in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), was found to be a potent, noncytotoxic inhibitor of IgG-RF immune complex-induced lysosomal enzyme release (LER) from human leukocytes. At a concentration of 1 μg Au/ml (5μM), auranofin produced a marked reduction inβ-glucuronidase (100%), acid phosphatase (88%), and lysozyme (72%) release. In contrast, gold sodium thiosulfate (GST, an injectable gold compound) had no inhibitory activity on LER at equivalent gold concentrations (i.e., 1μg Au/ml) and only modest activity (< 36% inhibition) at concentrations as high as 40μg Au/ml. The 50% inhibitory dose (ID50) of auranofin on LER was calculated to be 3–4μM (0.6–0.8μg Au/ml). Blood gold levels in auranofin-treated RA patients were found to be within the range required for in vitro inhibition of LER, and correlated with decreases in IgG, RF titers, and IgG-RF immune-complex formation in vitro. These results suggest that the therapeutic action of auranofin may be caused, at least in part, by inhibition of LER and/or decreases in immune-complex formation.