An Assessment of Ionospheric Effects on the GPS User

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Abstract
The single-frequency, C/A-code GPS user employs a rather simple analytic model of the ionospheric delay of the L1 GPS navigation signal. It is recognized that the model is an approximation and that its use will only partially remove ionospheric effects from the user's navigation solution. To perform an assessment of the residual effects of the ionosphere on navigation accuracy, this paper turns the problem around and uses the ionosphere model in a way that was not originally intended. Let us assume that the model represents truth, and a hypothetical user does not attempt to correct for its effects. With this approach, we have a means for obtaining various statistics of ionospheric effects on a worldwide, 24 h basis. This paper presents results for both horizontal and vertical navigation errors, as well as for time transfer errors. Time transfer results are given both for time transfer that is part of a three-dimensional navigation solution and for time transfer at a known location.

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