Preparatory set (expectancy)—further evidence of its 'central' locus.

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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to obtain further evidence which would bear upon the validity of 2 rival hypotheses concerning the nature of preparatory set. These hypotheses are (A) That preparatory set necessarily involves both neural and muscular elements. (B) That preparatory set, as an essentially neural phenomenon, may exist and vary independently of muscular involvement. Using quickness of a simple finger-reaction to "expected" and "unexpected" stimuli as an index of preparatory set, a series of 5 expts. was carried out. The results of the first 3 of these expts. were ambiguous, but the 4th and 5th expts. unequivocally supported hypotheses (B).

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