The Solution Photodimerization of (E)-p-Nitrocinnamates

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Abstract
The solution photodimerization of methyl (E)-p-nitrocinnamate has been studied under various conditions. Cis and trans dimers of head-to-head configuration were formed predominantly, the ratio of the dimers being highly dependent on the concentration and the solvent. The sensitization, the quenching phenomena, and the external heavy-atom effect were observed in this photodimerization. It appears likely that the excited multiplicity responsible for the formation of the trans-dimer is the triplet π,π* state and that both the singlet and the triplet π,π* states contribute to the production of the cis-dimer.