Consumption of a High Fat Diet Impairs Reproductive Performance in Sprague-Dawley Rats , ,

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Abstract
Rats made obese by cafeteria feeding have poor reproductive outcomes. To investigate this phenomenon in animals fed a more nutritionally adequate diet, female rats were fed either a high fat (HF) (modified AIN-76ATM, 35 g fat/100 g diet) or a control (C) (AIN-76ATM, 5 g fat/100 g diet) diet, beginning at 27 d of age. To assess reproductive performance, rats were studied at d 0, 5 and 18 of pregnancy and on d 3 of lactation. Pregnancy rates were significantly (P < 0.001) lower in the high fat–fed rats than in the control-fed rats (56.4 and 89.1%, respectively). There was no difference between groups in total pregnancy weight gain or the proportion of weight gained during pregnancy that was retained by the dam. High fat–fed dams tended to gain weight more rapidly early in gestation than control-fed dams and then less rapidly than control-fed dams during the last week of gestation. Litter number and pup weight at birth did not differ between groups, but of high fat–fed pups had significantly higher (P < 0.04) mortality rates than pups of control-fed dams (16.5 and 7.7%, respectively) over the first 3 d of life. Control-fed dams experienced the expected reduction (P < 0.05) in plasma insulin concentrations between the end of pregnancy and early lactation, but high fat-fed dams did not. Thus, physiological mechanisms controlling distribution of metabolic fuels may not be functioning properly in high fat–fed dams. Therefore, consuming a high fat diet reduces a rat's capacity to conceive and ability to maintain her litter during the perinatal period.