Strenuous prolonged exercise elevates resting metabolic rate and causes reduced mechanical efficiency

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Abstract
Resting O2 consumption, net mechanical efficiency during cycling exercise and excess postexercise O2 consumption (EPOC) was measured in 15 army cadets after 3 or 4 days of continuous simulated combat exercises (estimated energy demand: 40 MJ day-1), no organized sleep and virtually no food intake (stress experiment). They exercised for 30 minutes at a work load corresponding to about 50% of maximal O2 uptake. An identical test using the same absolute work load was repeated when the cadets were completely recovered from the combat course (control experiment). Resting O2 consumption increased by 15% from 279 +/- 7 ml min-1 (control) to 320 +/- 8 ml min-1 (stress, P less than 0.001). Mechanical efficiency decreased from 24.6 +/- 0.4% (control) to 20.9 +/- 0.2% (stress, P less than 0.001). EPOC1h increased from 0.58 +/- 0.41 l (control) to 2.24 +/- 0.2% (stress, P less than 0.05). Glucose infusion during exercise (0.20 g kg-1 body weight) had no effect on mechanical efficiency or EPOC. About 1/5 of the increase in exercise O2 uptake can be explained by a substrate shift from carbohydrates to fat, as evidenced by a reduction in R-value during exercise from 0.90 +/- 0.012 (control) to 0.80 +/- 0.010 (stress). Hence, after severe physical stress combined with sleep deprivation and food restriction, O2 uptake is increased both at rest and during submaximal exercise.