Frost penetration studies in glacial till on the James Bay hydroelectric complex

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Abstract
This paper reports on observations of frost penetration into glacial till in a region of high freezing indices. The frost penetration measurements were carried out in borrow areas and in exposed dyke crests. The locations are far enough apart to be representative of regional frost penetrations. The frost susceptibility of the till is evaluated, and the effect of frost penetration on the design of freeboard and crest detail requirements for the dams and dykes is discussed. The geotechnical properties of the till are given along with the results of a series of surcharged cyclic freeze–thaw and thermal conductivity tests.The use of standard frost susceptibility criteria indicates that the till is classified as being highly frost susceptible; however, if surcharge pressure is considered and recognized as being a factor in reducing frost heave, then the till under field conditions may behave like a material of low frost susceptibility.

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