Abstract
A formulation of thermodynamics has been developed which points out the restrictions of classical treatments. This formulation in terms of potential and charge concepts predicts the property ascribed to the entropy of increasing during thermodynamic processes and leads to an equation for entropy produced and heat dissipated in irreversible processes. The postulates of the treatment presented have allowed deduction of a generalized form of the second law of thermodynamics which applies to each energy field of the system. These concepts have been further developed in discussion of the phase rule; the functions H, A, and F; a generalization of Kelvin's postulate; and a generalization of the Carnot cycle. The results obtained have permitted derivation of the principles of Brønsted's system of energetics.

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