Corn Pollen Germination and Tube Elongation Inhibited or Reduced by Commercial and Experimental Formulations of Pesticides and Adjuvants

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Abstract
Commercial and experimental formulations of 12 pesticides (carbaryl, carbofuran, diazinon, Dyfonate® (O-ethyl S-phenyl ethylphosphonodithioate), endosulfan, ethion, Fundal SP® (N-(4-chloro-o-tolyl)-N, N-dimethylformamidine, hydrochloride), Gardona® (2-chloro-l-(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl) vinyl dimethyl phosphate), methomyl, acephate, parathion, leptophos) and 7 adjuvants (Biofilm®, Dupont Spreader Sticker®, Fomark®, Fomex®, Multi-film X-77®, Nutrex®, Regulaid®) inhibited or reduced germination and tube elongation of corn pollen on an artificial medium. The degree of inhihition varied with the concentration of active ingredients of selected pesticides applied to the medium. Trichlorfon and the adjuvant Triton B-1956® did not inhibit germination. Strong inhibition was observed with trichlorfon-Dupont Spreader Sticker and trichlorfon-Multi-film X-77 combinations. Seven applications of carbaryl or Gardona to the silks at 24-hour intervals caused a high incidence of malformed and/or missing kernels. A lesser degree of abnormality was observed after two applications, at 3-day intervals, and 1 application of carharyl, whereas no signiflcant abnormalities were observed on ears similarly treated with Gardona.

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