Interpretations of naturally occurring discrepancies between words and intonation: Modes of inconsistency resolution.

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Abstract
Analyzed the interpretation of evaluative inconsistency between vocal intonation and verbal content in naturally occurring messages, as a function of potential cues to credibility contained in the 2 channels. Ratings were made by 100 undergraduate judges. Inconsistency was resolved by a channel-discounting process if the voice was high in credibility cues (empirically defined by congruence with nonverbal behavior unseen by the listener and reflected in a "spontaneous" voice quality); i.e., only tone was believed. Inconsistency was resolved primarily by a valence-discounting process if the tone was low in credibility cues (reflected in a "deliberate" voice quality); that is, positive components (tone or content) carried disproportionately greater weight if the content was evaluatively moderate; negative components (tone or content) carried disproportionately greater weight if the content was evaluatively extreme. (26 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

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