Venographic Localization of the Non-Palpable Undescended Testis in Children

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Abstract
In cases of bilateral non-palpable undescended testes in which human chorionic gonadotropin stimulation showed the presence of testicular tissue and in cases of unilateral non-palpable undescended testes, selective transfemoral gonadal venography [roentgenographic] with a modified Seldinger technique was used for the preoperative localization of the non-palpable testis. Since the undescended testis may be located anywhere along the course of its embryologic descent, i.e., from the level of the renal fossa to its exit from the inguinal canal, preoperative localization will aid in the surgical management. Gonadal venography proved accurate and safe, and aided in the determination of the extent of surgical exploration in 9 children with 12 non-palpable undescended testes (6 right and 6 left).