Kinetics and Thermodynamics in Continuous Electron-Beam Evaporation of Binary Alloys

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Abstract
Continuous electron-beam evaporation of binary alloys was studied. Silver-copper wires with 5, 10, 20, and 30 at.% of silver were fed into an evaporation source which was heated by an electron beam. Beam powers up to 4.5 kW were used and evaporation temperatures from 1625–1960 K were obtained. Methods were developed to study mass and composition distribution of the vapor flux, the transient period, and the steady-state conditions. Prediction of the transient and the steady-state relationships among the compositions of the feed wire, the evaporant bath, and the vapor deposit, based on (a) published thermodynamic properties of silver-copper alloys, and (b) the assumption that the Langmuir equation correctly relates the evaporation rate of a particular component from solution to the equilibrium partial pressure of that component, agrees closely with experimental results. This means that transport within the liquid phase by diffusion or convection is not a significant rate-controlling factor.

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