PRESENTED AS A STUDY OF PAIRED-ASSOCIATE LEARNING TO 140 FEMALE STUDENTS WHO PARTICIPATED IN PAIRS. EACH S, WITH THE EXCEPTION OF THE CONTROLS, WAS LED TO BELIEVE SHE WAS TO CHOOSE BETWEEN LEARNING IN A SHOCK OR CONTROL CONDITION; HER PARTNER (O) WOULD BE IN THE REMAINING CONDITION. WHEN GIVEN THIS OPPORTUNITY, MOST SS CHOSE TO AVOID THE SHOCKS. HOWEVER, IF THE S BELIEVED THAT O HAD PREVIOUSLY ACTED GRACIOUSLY OR THAT O HAD ASKED FOR HELP, MOST SS CHOSE THE SHOCKS FOR THEMSELVES. WHEN O HAD ASKED FOR HELP, THEY DESCRIBED HER AS BEING RELATIVELY UNATTRACTIVE. IF S PERCEIVED THAT O'S REQUEST FOR HELP WAS PART OF A CONSCIOUS STRATEGY, HOWEVER, O WAS CONSIDERABLY DEVALUED. THESE RESULTS INDICATE THAT ALTRUISTIC BEHAVIOR MAY BE ELICITED BY DIFFERENT MEANS WITH CONSEQUENT DIFFERENCES IN ATTITUDES TOWARD THE DEPENDENT O. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)