Polymorphism at the Adh and αGpdh loci in Drosophila melanogaster: effects of rearing temperature on developmental rate, body weight, and some biochemical parameters

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Abstract
The role of developmental time in the world-wide cline of Adh and alpha Gpdh allele frequencies of Drosophila melanogaster, and the relationship with weight and some biochemical characters, were investigated. Experimental strains were constructed with different combinations of Adh and alpha Gpdh alleles but with similar genetic background. Developmental time, adult weight, protein-and triglyceride-content, and ADH and alpha GPDH enzyme activity were measured at a rearing temperature of 20, 25 and 29 degrees C. Genotype effects were found in all studied characters. In general the developmental times of genotypes were: AdhFF less than AdhFS less than AdhSS and alpha GpdhFF greater than alpha GpdhFS = alpha GpdhSS. Developmental time and adult weight were strongly affected by rearing temperature. Triglyceride content and ADH and alpha GPDH enzyme activity were slightly affected by temperature. Interactions between genotype and temperature effects were found for developmental rate, adult weight and protein content. No trade off was observed between developmental time on the one hand and adult weight, protein- and triglyceride-content, and ADH and alpha GPDH enzyme activity on the other hand. It is argued that developmental rate differences might be one of the underlying mechanisms of the world-wide cline of the Adh and alpha GPdh allele frequencies.