Animal Models of Ascending Genital‐Tract Infection in Pregnancy

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Abstract
This article reviews animal models currently used for investigation of ascending genital-tract infection in pregnancy. The specific models reviewed are those in the rabbit, monkey, and mouse. These models investigate both the direct effects of bacteria in the setting of ascending infection and the role of cytokines produced by the immune system. For each model, experiments that delineate the pathophysiology of ascending genital-tract infection in pregnancy are described. Intervention experiments, including the use of antibiotics, anti-inflammatory agents, immunotherapy, and anti-cytokine therapy, are described. Comparison of these models is made with respect to pathogenesis in humans, reproducibility, anatomy, and cost.