Lipid Matrix-Based Vaccines for Mucosal and Systemic Immunization

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Abstract
Immunization is today the most effective defense mechanism against microbial infections. Although highly effective vaccines are currently available for a number of infectious diseases, vaccine formulations can still be improved in a number of important areas. The ability to induce antigen-specific humoral and cell-mediated immunity is crucial to the development of effective prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines. The approaches to the design of human vaccines currently include the use of live attenuated viruses and bacteria, inactivated micro-organisms (killed vaccines), live-recombinant vaccines, subunit vaccines, and, more recently, naked DNA.