Intelligent systems: issues and trends

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Abstract
The paper reviews issues and trends in the field of embedded intelligent systems considering questions such as: What is intelligence? Why do we need intelligent machines and systems? What design methods are available for designing these systems? A framework for designing intelligent systems developed by the author is outlined. Three types of external behavior of machines are contrasted: programed behavior (automation), proto-intelligent behavior (self- regulation) and intelligent behavior (the capability for coping with a poorly structured and changing working environment, learning from operators, learning from own experience, self- maintenance, self-repair, and resolving conflicting demands by negotiation with other parties). The paper considers the concept of intelligent system architecture and discusses the selection of an appropriate architecture with a view to obtaining desired external behavior. In particular, the discussion centers on architectures which facilitate reliability, self-diagnosing, self- reconfiguring, safety, and incremental development. Trends towards multi-agent systems are reviewed and assessed in some detail.

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