Switching adaptive filters for enhancing noisy and reverberant speech from microphone array recordings

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Abstract
Switching adaptive filters, suitable for speech beamforming, with no prior knowledge about the speech source are presented. The filters have two sections, of which only one section at any given time is allowed to adapt its coefficients. The switch between both is controlled by a speech detection function. The first section implements an adaptive look direction and cues in on the desired speech. This section only adapts when speech is present. The second section acts as a multichannel adaptive noise canceller. The obtained noise references are typically very bad; hence, adaptation must be restricted to silence-only periods. Several ideas were explored for the first section. The most robust solution, and the one with the best sound quality, was given by the simplest solution, i.e. a delay and sum beamformer that cues in on the direct path only and neglects all multipath contributions. Tests were performed with a four-microphone array in a highly reverberant room with both music and fan type noise as jammers, SNR improvements of 10 dB were typical with no audible distortion.

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