Novel Functional Biodegradable Polymer: Synthesis and Anticoagulant Activity of Poly(γ-Glutamic Acid)sulfonate (γ-PGA-sulfonate)

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Abstract
γ-Poly(glutamic acid) (γ-PGA), which is produced by Bacillus subtilis, was sulfonated using 2-aminoethane-1-sufonic acid (taurine) in the presence of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (WSC) to give sulfonated γ-PGA (γ-PGA-sulfonate). From 1H NMR spectroscopy and IR spectroscopy, it was confirmed that taurine was introduced to the side chain of γ-PGA via an amide linkage. By altering the synthetic conditions, it was possible to control the content of sulfonate in γ-PGA-sulfonate. Anticoagulant activity was investigated in order to evaluate the biological activity of γ-PGA-sulfonate by the Lee−White test. The clotting time was prolonged when the concentration of γ-PGA-sulfonate on the degree of sulfonation was increased. It becomes clear that γ-PGA-sulfonate is potentially useful for various medical applications, such as drug delivery, tissue engineering, and medical materials.