Nitrendipine

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Abstract
The effects of immediate (1 h) and prolonged (3 weeks) treatment with nitrendipine on systemic and regional hemodynamics were investigated in Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in both WKY (125 ± 2 versus 108 ± 3 mm Hg) and SHR (189 ± 5 versus 141 ± 10 mm Hg) 1 h following oral nitrendipine administration (10 mg/kg). This was associated with a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in total peripheral resistance index (TPRI) (0.48 ± 0.03 versus 0.38 ± 0.02 units/kg, WKY; 0.69 ± 0.04 versus 0.56 ± 0.05 units/kg SHR) but no change in cardiac index (CI). A significant (p < 0.05) increase in heart rate (HR) (374 ± 14 versus 407 ± 11 beats/min) was observed only in WKY. Vascular resistances were reduced significantly (p < 0.05) in heart and kidney in both SHR and WKY as well as the brain and splanchnic organs of the WKY. Resistance increased significantly in SHR skin. The MAP reduction with prolonged treatment (196 ± 3 versus 181 ± 4 and 150 ± 5 mm Hg) was also associated with a reduced TPRI (0.73 ± 0.03 versus 0.64 ± 0.07 and 0.50 ± 0.03 units/kg) in SHR treated for 3 weeks with nitrendipine (10 and 20 mg/kg/day, respectively). No changes in systemic hemodynamics were observed in similarly treated WKY. Skeletal muscle and splanchnic vascular resistances were reduced (p < 0.05) in nitrendipine-treated WKY (20 mg/kg/ day). SHR treated with the lower dose of nitrendipine had decreased vascular resistance in skin, skeletal muscle, and splanchnic organs; in addition to these organs, vascular resistance was reduced to the heart of SHR following 3-week treatment with the higher dose of nitrendipine. Only with nitrendipine in a dose of 20 mg/kg/day was a decrease in left ventricular to body weight ratio noted in SHR. These data indicate that nitrendipine is an effective antihypertensive drug that lowers MAP through a reduction in TPRI that is selectively distributed to the circulatory beds and reduces cardiac mass.

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