Therapeutic applications of ATP-(P2)-receptors agonists and antagonists

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Abstract
P2-receptors (P2-R), which recognise extracellular ATP, represent significant targets for novel drug development regarding different pathophysiological conditions. In recent years, approximately fifteen ATP receptor subtypes have been cloned; seven of which belong to the P2X-R family (ligand-gated-ion-channel receptors). The remaining subtypes belong to the P2Y-R family (G-protein coupled receptors). These receptors have been classified based on their putative molecular structure, function, and the action of a subtype selective drug on the cloned receptor. A limited number of reports describe the identification of potent and selective P2X/P2Y agonists, thus extending the restricted arsenal of P2-R agonists consisting primarily of commercial compounds. Several new and subtype selective antagonists have been recently identified which open a new avenue of P2X or P2Y subtype selective antagonists for receptor studies. Current applications of P2-R agonists and antagonists include their use as insulin secretago...