Disturbances of heart rhythm produced by 50 Hz leakage currents in dogs

Abstract
In healthy dogs and in dogs with experimental myocardial infarct, the smallest current applied through a pacing wire which would produce a disturbance in rhythm was 60 μA. This figure is higher than most recommended standards for earth-free monitoring equipment. Much bigger currents were required to produce a disturbance from a wire in the right atrium, which appears to be a safe location for catheters and pacing wires.

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