Chlordimeform and Related Compounds: Toxicological Studies with House Flies12

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Abstract
Toxicity of chlordimeform and 15 formamidine analogues to Musca domestica L. was investigated. None of the compounds were toxic at levels practical for house fly coutrol: however, some compounds were more active than others. With the exception of 2 alkyl-substituted morpholino derivatives, the N, N-dialkyl formamidines were more active than the N-monoalkyl analogues. Moreover the toxicity of these active compounds was apparently synergized by piperonyl but oxide to a limited extent. House flies rapidly metabolized radiolabeled chlordimeform following topical application or injection. Identified metabolites included N'-(4-chloro-o-tolyl) -N- methylformamidine (demethylchlordimeform), 4'-chloro-o-formotoluidide, and 4-chloro-o-toluidine. Pretreatment of house flies with piperonyl but oxide considerably inhibited chlonlimeform metabolism. In addition to increased levels of the parent compound this effect was manifested by a marked decrease in formation of water-soluble metabolites and lower excretion of chlordimeform-14C-equivalents as compared with house flies treated with chlordimeform alone. Chlordimeform was N-demethylated to demethyl-chlordimeform in vitro by microsomes prepared from homogenates of house fly abdomens. In general, the metabolism of chlordimeform following topical application or injection into the house fly, a chlordimeform-tolerant organism, proceeded at a much faster rate than that previously reported for two spotted spider mites, Tetranychus urticae Koch, and southern cattle ticks, Boophilus microplus (Canestrini), two chlordimeform-susceptible organisms.

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