The buckling of plant roots

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Abstract
The mechanical stresses required to buckle root tips were measured directly for seven plant species. For two of these, both seminal and primary lateral roots were measured. For four of the plant species investigated, the easier and more rapid method used to measure the buckling stresses of excised root tips gave results which agree closely with those obtained for the growing roots of intact plants. Values of buckling stress were also calculated from previously determined elastic properties of roots. The calculated and measured values of buckling stress are of the same magnitude only, and comparison for ten root types fails to show any consistent relationship between these two methods. From the results from three plant species it has been possible to define empirical functions to account for the observed changes in root buckling stress with air gap length and water stress. Buckling stresses are not significantly affected by the concentration of nitrate in the growth medium.