A model of the streamer-induced spark formation based on neutral dynamics

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Abstract
The breakdown of a positive point to plane gap in air near atmospheric pressure begins with the formation of a low‐conductivity filament by the space‐charge‐controlled streamer process. Within the filament, the rate of electron attachment exceeds that of ionization, and the external current decreases. However, a sudden rise of current leading to spark breakdown can be observed. The following explanation is proposed. Owing to the current flow the temperature increases within the discharge. A radial flow of neutral species will thus appear, which decreases the neutral density near the discharge axis. In turn E/N increases until the ionization rate becomes greater than that of attachment, leading to the final current growth.