Reflectance measurements of layered media with diffuse photon-density waves: a potential tool for evaluating deep burns and subcutaneous lesions

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Abstract
The basic principles of a non-contact, near-infrared technique for the mapping of layered tissues are discussed theoretically and verified experimentally. The propagation properties of diffuse photon-density waves in tissues depend on the optical properties of the tissue. When a layered medium is irradiated by amplitude modulated light, the difference in optical properties between the layers is evident in the phase and amplitude of the diffuse reflection coefficient, which is a result of the interference of the partial waves propagating in the different layers. Thus, diffuse photon-density waves are applicable to the analysis of the structure of layered tissue. The probing depth is determined by the modulation frequency of the incident light. For modulation frequencies between several hundred megahertz and a few gigahertz, this allows us to analyse the properties of muscle tissue of up to 4-8 mm below the surface. Experimental results based on chicken breast muscle are given. As an example, the technique might be of use for evaluating the depth of necrosis and the blood volume fraction in deep burns.