Some Results of the Study of Clay Minerals in the U.S.S.R.

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Abstract
Clay mineral studies in the U.S.S.R., mainly since 1960, are summarized. Electron diffraction techniques especially have been developed and used extensively. Methods have been developed for simultaneous recording of DTA curves and other properties. Polytypism of phyllosilicates has been studied intensively by Zvyagin and others. Much new information on the structure and morphology of halloysites has been obtained by electron-optical methods. Other clay minerals extensively studied include allophanes, kaolinites, chlorites (“donbassite” is preferred to “sudoite” for dioctahedral varieties), alushtite (or tosudite), monothermite, and various zinc-bearing clays. Much attention has been given to physico-chemical and colloid-chemical properties. The natural occurrence and alteration of clays and clay minerals are described in weathering and oxidation zones, in soils, and in Recent and Ancient sediments. Primary clay minerals of hydrothermal origin are described.

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