Geometrically Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of Imperfect Laminated Shells

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Abstract
Formulations and computational procedures are presented for the finite element analysis of laminated anisotropic composite thin shells including imperfections. The derivations of the nonlinear geometric element stiffness matrices were based on the total Lagrangian description. A 48 degree-of-freedom (d.o.f.) general curved shell element with arbitrary distribution of curvatures was used to model the shell middle- surface. Numerical results include the large deflection behavior of a variety of perfect plate and shell examples; buckling of a spherical shell with an axially symmetric im perfection ; and buckling of a cylindrical panel using measured initial transverse im perfections. A good comparison with existing results is obtained.