Multi-tailed spermatozoa in a case with asthenospermia and teratospermia

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Abstract
Summary A case is presented of an infertile male whose spermatozoa showed low mobility, a high percentage of irregular large heads and a variable number of tails (between 0 and 4). In the spermatozoa with several tails each axoneme, surrounded by its own outer fibres and mitochondrial sheath, arose from its own basal plate. Throughout the middle piece of every spermatozoon all the axonemes were arranged in parallel and were enclosed by the same plasma membrane. Usually, at the beginning of the principal piece, the axonemes became separated. At this level each of them constituted a different tail. In most spermatozoa the fine structure of the tail or tails was normal. The alterations of the inner structure of the flagellum observed in some spermatozoa (enlargement of the fibrous sheath, duplication of the outer fibres and of some peripheral doublets) were independent of the number of tails present. In some cases, an intracytoplasmic coiling of the tail or tails could be observed.