PARMOD: A Simulation Model for the Population Dynamics of Muscidifurax spp. and Spalangia spp. (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), Parasites of House Fly Pupae (Diptera: Muscidae)

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Abstract
The population dynamics of four parasites of house fly, Musca domestica L., pupae, Spalangia endius Walker, S. cameroni Perkins, Muscidifurax raptor Girault & Sanders, and M. zaraptor Kogan & Legner, and their host were simulated in a computer model written in the C language. The model incorporates nonlinear temperature-dependent development, effects of host–parasite ratio on host mortality and parasitism, competition between adult parasites, and options for various insecticide, manure removal, and parasite release strategies for fly control. Examples of the results of simulating parasite releases and pesticide applications are presented.

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