Age-correlated biochemical profiles of thrips galls in relation to population density of thrips

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Abstract
The levels of primary and secondary metabolites were significantly higher in galls compared with normal leaf tissues of comparable age. Population density of thrips was related directly to the levels of primary metabolites. Total phenols increased significantly with progressive gall development and in direct proportion to the density of thrips. Host response to galling was similar in Calycopteris floribundus, Vitis lanceolaria and Loranthus elasticus, as evidenced in the enhanced activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase, tyrosine ammonia lyase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase as an index of defence against herbivory.