Abstract
A graphical comparison of empirical versus simu lated residual variation is presented as one way to as sess the goodness of fit of an item response theory model. The two forms of residual variation were gen erated through the separate calibration of empirical data and data "tailored" to fit the model, given the empirical parameter estimates. A variety of techniques illustrate the utility of using tailored residuals as a specific baseline against which empirical residuals may be understood.

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