Notes on the Geology of Gilgit

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Abstract
Part I.—Introduction. My son, Capt. A. H. McMahon, C.S.I., C.I.E., Y.G.S., Political Agent, Malakand, when stationed at Gilgit, made field-observations and collected rock-specimens for me in the course of numerous traverses through the Gilgit area. I have not had an opportunity of visiting the region covered by this paper; but I have seen much of the neighbouring Himalaya, and I have had the advantage of correspondence not only with my son, but also with Capt. J. R. Roberts, I.M.S., regarding the geology of Gilgit. I am greatly indebted to Capt. Roberts for much valuable information, for field-observations undertaken on my behalf, for careful drawings of sections, and for numerous additional specimens supplementing those sent by my son. I cannot overrate the obligations under which I am to him. A sketch-map (see p. 344) has been prepared to accompany this paper, compiled mainly from the map of the Pamirs (1896) by H. Sharbau and the Right Hon. G. N.—now Lord—Curzon; and from the map of Astor and Gilgit (1883) by the Surveyor-General of India. The geology of the neighbouring parts of Kashmir has been described by Mr. R. Lydekker, Y.R.S., in vol. xxii (1883)of the Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, and in papers published in the Records of the same Survey. The map published with the above-mentioned Memoir shows the geology of Kashmir as far as Astor, at which place this paper takes up the geology. An account of the geology of Yárkand, Káshgar, Wákhan the Great and Little

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