Overexpression of Transforming Growth Factor-β1 and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I in Patients With Idiopathic Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

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Abstract
Background Idiopathic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is characterized by regional myocardial hypertrophy. To investigate involvement of growth factors on myocardial hypertrophy in HCM patients, we evaluated gene expression and cellular localization of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and IGF-II), and platelet-derived growth factor-B (PDGF-B) in ventricular biopsies obtained from patients with HCM (n=8), aortic stenosis (AS) (n=8), or stable angina (SA) (n=8) and from explanted hearts with ischemic cardiomyopathy (TM) (n=7). Methods and Results Levels of TGF-β1, IGF-I, IGF-II, and PDGF-B transcripts were quantified with the use of multiplex RT-PCR. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase was used as an internal standard. Antibodies against TGF-β and IGF-I were used to localize their peptides within the myocardium. Antisense and sense (control) cRNA probes of TGF-β1 and IGF-I, labeled with digoxigenin, were used to localize the growth factor transcripts by in si...