Vector Display of Cardiac Performance

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Abstract
Cardiac performance analysis consisting of X-Y display of ventricular pressure and flow or of their derivatives, in the form of vector loops is described. Three vector loops are described: pressure-flow (P-F) loop, pressure-pressure derivative (P-dP/dt) loop, and pressure-flow acceleration (P-dF/dt) loop. Information from these loops include: stroke power, stroke work, initial impedance to ventricular ejection, and time-course of flow and flow acceleration during early ejection. In addition, (dP/dt)P-1 at the onset of systole is derived from the P-dP/dt loop to estimate the force generating power of the ventricle as an expression of myocardial contractility.

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