Histological Study of Freezing, Desiccation, and Winter Injury of Raspberry Canes

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Abstract
A histological study was made comparing the tissues of normal and winter-injured Latham raspberry canes to those with artificially induced injuries resulting from both freezing temps. and slow desiccation at temps. above freezing. Field injuries believed to have been caused by freezing compared favorably with both types of artificially induced freezing injuries. Phloem necrosis, phloem rupture, cambial rupture, and the deposition of tannin-like material in the outer parenchymatous stem tissues were characteristic features of field material. Injuries due to alternate freezing and thawing were principally characterized by phloem necrosis. Canes subjected to continuous refrigeration revealed phloem rupture in dormant canes and ruptured cambial cells in nondormant ones, accompanied by limited phloem necrosis. Tissues of canes subjected to desiccation above freezing temps. were characterized by a marked deposition of the tannin-like material, reduction in size and shrinkage of the contents of all living cells outside the cambium, and pronounced splitting of abscission layer.

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