Note on Scatter Propagation with a Modified Exponential Correlation

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Abstract
A phenomenological exponential space correlation of dielectric fluctuations is normally used to predict scatter field strengths beyond the horizon. This paper introduces a modified exponential model which includes effects of the smallest blob cutoff in the turbulent spectrum and rectifies the correlation's cusp at the origin. It is found that the present agreement of troposphere scatter experiments with the exponential function does not depend on this cusp. It is suggested that frequency-dependent tropospheric fields recently measured below 25 cm may indicate the influence of the correlation's fine structure. The same model is then applied to the ionosphere, where the extended range VHF scatter wavelengths just straddle the smallest blob size (~3 m) in the E layer. The turbulence fine structure is most important for this propagation and gives a qualitative explanation of the curious dualism in frequency scaling laws observed at opposite ends of the VHF band. Satisfactory variation of signal strength with scattering angle is also predicted by this model. It is shown that scatter measurements can provide valuable estimates of the atmosphere's fine structure at various heights.