Tunnel entrance lighting—effect of fixation point and other factors on the determination of requirements

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Abstract
The Japanese recommendations for daytime tunnel entrance luminances are considerably lower than those of CIE and the difference has been attributed to the Japanese assumption that after a certain point on the approach a driver's eyes are increasingly fixated on the tunnel entrance. To verify this the eye movements of drivers approaching tunnel entrances were investigated by means of a corneal reflection eye-marker recorder. The results show that the concept of a fixation. point' is valid and avoids the difficulty of determining the CIE 'adaptation point'. Conditions which may hamper the adaptation of a driver's eyes were investigated and modification of the recommendations to suit these conditions are suggested.

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