Cytogenetic findings and prognosis in neuroblastoma with emphasis on marker chromosome 1

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Abstract
The relationship between cytogenetic findings and prognosis in 51 pediatric patients with neuroblastoma is described. Patients were classified into the following four groups based on karyotypic findings: (1) near diploidy, 42 to 47 chromosomes (n = 11); (2) hyperdiploidy, 50 to 56 chromosomes (n = 4); (3) near triploidy, 60 to 77 chromosomes (n = 33); and (4) hypotetraploidy, 80 to 83 chromosomes (n = 3). Patients with near diploid or hypotetraploid karyotypes also had several structural abnormalities including marker chromosome 1, with or without double minutes (DM) or homogeneously staining regions (HSR). Most of these patients were 1 year of age or older and had advanced tumors. The patients who were in the hyperdiploid or near triploid category had few structural abnormalities; all of them, except one, were younger than 1 year of age, had localized tumors, and are long‐term, disease‐free survivors. Kaplan‐Meier analysis of survival rates disclosed a significant difference favoring the latter group (P < 0.001). N‐myc gene amplification was found in five patients of the former group but in no patients of the latter group. The presence or absence of DM or HSR in the former group had no statistically demonstrable effect on survival. However, the presence of marker chromosome 1 appears to indicate a poor prognosis. Five patients with Stage IV‐S disease had near triploid abnormalities similar to findings in patients with localized tumors. We propose that localized and Stage IV‐S neuroblastomas can be classified as one disease category, and that patients with near diploid or hypotetraploid karyotypes are clinically distinct from those having hyperdiploid or near triploid karyotypes. We consider that chromosomal pattern is a more influential prognostic factor than age, disease stage, or N‐myc gene amplification.