Mapping of electrostatic lenses: conservation of kinematic properties†

Abstract
The mapping procedure of two-dimensional electrostatic lenses, conserving the Gaussian imaging properties, is presented. The lenses obtained can be characterized by the elementary properties of original lenses. It is shown that there exists two different types of mapping, the paraxial mapping and the perfect mapping. Some typical lenses are used as an original lens, to demonstrate both the mappings.

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