Development of a Single Reagent Polarisation Fluoroimmunoassay for the Detection of Opiates in Urine

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Abstract
The design, development, and optimisation of a simple polarisation fluoroimmunoassay to detect the opiate group of drugs, in urine, is described. Urine (10 μL) is added to 1.5 mL of a single reagent, prepared by mixing ovine anti-opiate serum with fluorescein-labelled morphine. After incubation for 30 min at 30°C, or 60 min at room temperature, fluorescence polarisation is measured. The assay can be used as a “stat” test or automated for large batch screening and detects the commonly abused opiates, heroin (through its metabolite morphine), codeine, and dihydrocodeine.